Pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, is a rather dangerous disease that significantly worsens people's quality of life. And an important component of the proper treatment of this unpleasant disease is considered proper nutrition, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the organs. What should be the diet for pancreatitis - read in our material.
Do not self-medicate! In our articles, we collect the latest scientific data and opinions of authoritative experts in the field of health. But remember: only a doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment. We want to help those who are faced with diseases of the pancreas (by the way, among office workers and former students, pancreatitis is in third place "in popularity") and therefore in this article we have collected basic recommendations on nutrition for pancreatitis and cholecystitis. We have also prepared sample menusand some useful recipes Read it, it will be useful!
What is pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which participates in the digestion process and also regulates metabolism. This is a "2 in 1" organ with a complex structure: the main part of the gland secretes enzymes necessary for digesting food in the intestines, and the so-called "pancreatic islets" are an endocrine organ that produces the hormone insulin. .
When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the release of enzymes into the duodenum stops. As a result, these aggressive substances are activated in the gland itself and begin to destroy it - this process is often called self-digestion. This releases toxins that travel through the bloodstream to other organs and can damage them. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic.
Acute inflammation of the pancreas
Acute pancreatitis is a dangerous disease that requires immediate treatment, usually in a hospital setting. It most often occurs due to alcohol abuse or gallstone disease, when the stone blocks the duct. The disease is characterized by severe pain in the upper part of the abdomen, which sometimes spreads to the back; nausea; to throw up; general worsening of the condition.
Chronic pancreatitis
With chronic inflammation of the pancreas, the organ is gradually destroyed. The main causes of the disease are alcohol consumption and smoking. The most typical manifestation is abdominal pain, which usually occurs after eating. The lack of digestive secretions from the pancreas leads to food being poorly digested, flatulence and flatulence. There is often no appetite, and weight may decrease.
Symptoms of pancreatitis
The main symptom of both acute and chronic inflammation of the pancreas is pain in the upper abdomen. Such pains are often excruciating. In the chronic form, heaviness in the stomach, nausea and stool disorders are often observed. Unpleasant sensations lead to suspicion of pancreatitis, and then the diagnosis is confirmed with the help of tests and other studies.
Why do you need a diet for pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)?
Diet for pancreatitis in adults is designed to reduce the load on the affected organ so that it can recover. In acute pancreatitis, it is also important to reduce enzyme synthesis in order to stop the process of destroying the gland.
Principles of nutrition for pancreatitis
- Rejection of any food that causes the production of enzymes - smoked, spicy, sour, fried.
- Food should be warm (not cold or hot), mushy.
- Meals should be fractional, small portions.
- The main emphasis in the diet is on protein products - they should be consumed up to 200 grams per day. But fats and carbohydrates are significantly limited.
- The amount of salt is reduced to 3-5 grams, food is not salted during cooking.
- Raw food is excluded. You cannot eat fresh vegetables and fruits, only boiled or baked ones.
- Carbohydrates are consumed in moderation, but foods containing sugar should be limited.
What should be the diet for acute pancreatitis?
The diet for acute pancreatitis is as strict as possible: the menu on the first day does not include food at all, only water. After a few days, you can eat small portions of liquid food - vegetable soups and purees, boiled porridges, slimy decoctions, liquid meat porridges. You can gradually expand the range of dishes using allowed products.
Diet for chronic pancreatitis
The diet menu for chronic pancreatitis is more varied, but it is recommended to follow it for a long time, at least six months. It is believed that during this time, the condition of the pancreas will not only improve, but the patient will also be weaned from all kinds of harmful foods, such as fried, smoked and sour foods.
Traditionally, for chronic pancreatitis, the "Table no. 5p". The system of nutrition tables was developed in the 1920s, and although it is now abandoned, many doctors still recommend adherence to the principles of such a diet.
For pancreatitis and cholecystitis, the diet "Table no. 5", and especially for the restoration of the pancreas, a special version of this diet is recommended - "Table No. 5p". It is characterized not only by a reduced amount of fat in the diet, but also by limiting carbohydrates. You must consume a lot of protein: protein is necessary for the rapid renewal of pancreatic tissue.
The diet for exacerbation of pancreatitis is stricter, it is formed according to the image and similarity of the diet recommended for the acute form of the disease. Pureed food, divided meals, avoiding salt and spices will help you cope with the disease faster.
What can you eat if you have pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
So, it's time to figure out what you can eat on a diet for pancreatitis in order to recover quickly and avoid painful attacks. As a reminder, the list of permitted products varies depending on the stage of the disease. During exacerbations, it is recommended to fast and eat very limited food, but during the period of remission, much more food is allowed. Low-fat fresh cheese occupies an important place in the diet of patients with pancreatitis.
- lean meat (veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit, and even lean pork are suitable);
- lean fish (pike, pollack, flounder, cod);
- low-fat fresh cheese, low-fat and mild cheese;
- eggs in the form of a steam omelet made of egg whites (you can not eat more than one yolk per day);
- low-fat fermented milk products;
- milk - only low-fat, if tolerated;
- cereals (semolina, rice, oatmeal, buckwheat);
- stale bread, inedible crackers;
- pasta;
- boiled or baked vegetables (potatoes, beets, carrots, zucchini, pumpkin);
- boiled or baked sweet fruit (apples, bananas, pears);
- dried fruit;
- jelly, marmalade, honey, jelly - in small quantities.
The list of what you can eat on a diet for pancreatitis is not so short: if you want, you can easily do without violation, for a long time being content with only allowed food. It is worth considering that the recommendations were developed 100 years ago, and many new products have appeared since then. They can be added to the menu with caution if they are high in protein and low in fat, such as boiled squid.
What not to eat on a diet for pancreatitis
Diet for pancreatitis prescribes serious restrictions in the menu, but improvement of the condition can be expected only if you strictly adhere to them. The following foods cannot be included in diet menu number 5 for pancreatitis:
- pulses (the only exception is pulses in moderate quantities, boiled or stewed);
- onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, peppers and other vegetables with a spicy taste;
- spinach, sorrel, fresh herbs;
- all types of cabbage;
- mushrooms;
- sour fruit;
- marinades and pickles;
- carbonated drinks, packaged juices (it is also better not to drink fresh juices);
- alcohol;
- coffee and cocoa;
- ready-made sauces, mayonnaise;
- fast food;
- fresh bread, bakery products;
- all confectionery products;
- ice cream;
- fatty meat and fish;
- sausages and delicatessen;
- caviar;
- canned food;
- smoked meat;
- meat, fish, mushroom broths.
With the worsening of pancreatic pancreatitis, the diet becomes even stricter, and even those foods that can be safely included in the diet during remission can be included in the list of prohibited foods. Here you must follow your doctor's recommendations.
Diet for chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas): sample menu for a week
We present an approximate diet for chronic pancreatitis for a week. This is not a dogma, but only a guideline for those who want to restore the pancreas with proper nutrition.
Monday
- Breakfast: a day-old bread sandwich with low-fat cheese, a bowl of porridge with water or diluted milk.
- Second breakfast: a portion of low-fat cottage cheese with dried fruit.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, steamed beef cutlet with mashed potatoes on water with a small piece of butter.
- Afternoon snack: baked apple.
- Dinner: boiled lean fish, allowed steamed vegetables.
Tuesday
- Breakfast: oatmeal with water
- Second breakfast: baked sweet apple puree
- Lunch: vegetable cream soup, steamed chicken breast; berry jelly.
- Afternoon snack: low-fat yogurt.
- Dinner: steamed omelette with vegetables.
Wednesday
- Breakfast: cottage cheese casserole with dried fruit
- Second breakfast: banana
- Lunch: rice and vegetable soup; steamed rabbit meatballs, compote.
- Afternoon snack: apple jelly, biscuits.
- Dinner: steamed fish, vegetable puree.
Thursday
- Breakfast: rice porridge, soft boiled egg.
- Second breakfast: yogurt, baked apple.
- Lunch: soup with pasta; fish meatballs with vegetable puree.
- Afternoon snack: sandwich with low-fat cheese.
- Dinner: lazy cottage cheese dumplings, a little sour cream.
Friday
- Breakfast: fresh cheese with a teaspoon of honey or jam.
- Second breakfast: steamed egg white omelette.
- Lunch: mashed potato soup, roast beef with steamed vegetables, jelly.
- Afternoon snack: dried fruit compote.
- Dinner: lean fish quenelles, rice.
Saturday
- Breakfast: semolina porridge, soft-boiled egg
- Second breakfast: yogurt.
- Lunch: fish stew with rice, stewed rabbit with potatoes, compote.
- Afternoon snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Dinner: sandwich with cheese, steamed protein omelet.
Sunday
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge.
- Second breakfast: baked apple.
- Lunch: pumpkin cream soup, steamed beef cutlets, pasta.
- Afternoon snack: jelly, biscuits.
- Dinner: cottage cheese, boiled vegetables.
Diet for the pancreas: recipes
Despite the limited range of products, the diet for pancreatitis can be quite diverse. We offer some ideas for inspiration.
Ingredients:
- Rice in bags;
- potato;
- Carrot;
- Squash;
- Sol.
Preparation: cook the rice in a pot with plenty of water, then remove the bags. Grate the carrot, chop the remaining vegetables, put everything in a pot with rice water, add the rice, cook until the vegetables are ready. Add salt, stir, turn off. If necessary, grind everything in a blender.
Fish quenelles
- Lean fish fillet;
- White crackers;
- Milk;
- Egg whites;
- Sol.
Preparation: grind fish in a meat grinder, soak crackers in milk, also pass through a meat grinder, mix with minced fish. Beat the egg white until foamy, add to the minced meat, add salt and mix. Form round kennels from the minced meat. Then boil or steam them.
Pureed pumpkin soup with rolled oats
Ingredients:
- Squash;
- potato;
- Hercules;
- cream;
- A little oil for sautéing.
Preparation: cut the pumpkin and potatoes, stew them in a deep dish with a little oil, making sure they don't burn. Add salt, add rolled oats, add water, mix, let it simmer until the rolled oats are done. Pass the contents of the pan through a blender, return to the pan, add the cream and let it simmer for a few more minutes. It can be served with breadcrumbs.
According to reviews, it is not very easy to follow a diet for pancreatitis, at least at the stage of pureed food, but with its help you can achieve a really stable remission. Patients note that they feel much better on such a diet.
Results of treatment of chronic pancreatitis with diet
In the case of chronic pancreatitis, the diet is prescribed not for a week or a month, but for at least six months. It is more often recommended that you limit yourself to harmful foods for life in order not to cause aggravation.
Together with other methods of treatment, the diet for the pancreas has a beneficial effect on the organ and promotes its rapid recovery. The longer there are no exacerbations, the bolder you can expand your diet for pancreatitis, including all new products.
In some cases, the pancreas is completely restored thanks to timely treatment and diet, and then after the end of the therapy, you can return to your usual way of eating. However, it is better to give up unhealthy habits and choose PP dishes even after full recovery.
The number of different diets cannot be counted. Some of them are prescribed for therapeutic purposes, and some are aimed at reducing body weight. Human nutrition, like any other organism, affects its health, because the composition of food and the saturation of necessary vitamins and microelements determine the possibility of normal physiology. Any restrictions, both composition and quantity, inevitably affect our organism. Each disease has its own mechanism of development, so the diet should be different accordingly.
The pancreatitis diet is aimed at reducing inflammation in the pancreas. The sooner you start following it, the better results you can expect. In the acute phase, fasting can be used, but it usually does not last longer than two to three days. After that, foods with maximum fat restrictions are introduced very smoothly. Lean varieties of meat and poultry without skin are suitable (veal, lean beef, chicken, rabbit, turkey, etc. ). For decoration, you can use buckwheat, barley, mashed potatoes, stewed vegetables. Fried, spicy, salty food, pastries, refractory fats (lamb, pork, goose, duck, fatty beef, poultry skin, margarine, mayonnaise) can contribute to a new exacerbation.
The use of additional enzyme therapy will improve the condition. More effective preparations are minimicrospheres and microtablets. The usual dose is approximately 25, 000 units. The diet described above has the right to exist, but if its use is justified and it is followed only for a short time. Stabilization of the condition in pancreatitis is an indication for a planned and gradual expansion of the diet.